Halal Park 2.0: organising halal production and supply networks
The halal parks that have been developed over the years were just a dedicated halal zone for halal industry & services, supported by halal certification (bodies), and government incentives. We would like to call this model Halal Park 1.0 . However, these halal parks did not provide significant synergy advantages for industries operating in these halal parks, did not deliver ground breaking innovations, and did not create new global halal brands. Halal Parks 1.0 were not designed as halal eco-systems, providing insufficient halal synergy advantages for industries. Instead, halal parks need to be designed as halal clusters in order to provide a superior halal eco-system (brand). A halal cluster is a spatial clustering of halal production chains in an industrial park or economic zone, whereby a significant part of the supply chain is geographically positioned in the halal park. Hence, we propose the halal ecosystem of a halal park extends beyond the physical boundaries of ...